Steam Table Calculator — Saturated & Superheated Steam (IAPWS-IF97)
Look up water and steam properties from the IAPWS-IF97 standard: saturated steam by temperature or pressure, and superheated steam. Get enthalpy, entropy, internal energy, specific volume, density and specific heat — plus full saturated steam tables below.
°C (valid: 0.00 to 373.9 °C)
Conditions
Temperature100.00 °C
Pressure1.01418 bar
Latent Heat
h_fg (enthalpy)2256.5 kJ/kg
s_fg (entropy)6.04706 kJ/(kg·K)
Saturated Liquid (f)
Specific volume (v_f)0.0010435 m³/kg
Density (ρ_f)958.4 kg/m³
Internal energy (u_f)419.0 kJ/kg
Enthalpy (h_f)419.1 kJ/kg
Entropy (s_f)1.30701 kJ/(kg·K)
Specific heat (c_p)4.2166 kJ/(kg·K)
Saturated Vapor (g)
Specific volume (v_g)1.672 m³/kg
Density (ρ_g)0.5981 kg/m³
Internal energy (u_g)2506.0 kJ/kg
Enthalpy (h_g)2675.6 kJ/kg
Entropy (s_g)7.35408 kJ/(kg·K)
Specific heat (c_p)2.0775 kJ/(kg·K)
Steam Tables Reference (IAPWS-IF97)
The full saturated steam tables below are generated from the IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation — the same engine used by the calculator above. Values follow the temperature and pressure units you select in the controls. Use the by-temperature table when you know the steam temperature, and the by-pressure table when you know the line pressure.
Saturated Steam Table — by Temperature
Saturation pressure plus the saturated liquid (f) and vapour (g) properties at each temperature from the triple point (0 °C) to the critical point (373.95 °C).
| °C | bar | h_f | h_fg | h_g | s_f | s_g | v_f | v_g | u_f | u_g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kJ/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/(kg·K) | kJ/(kg·K) | m³/kg | m³/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/kg | ||
| 0.00 | 0.006112 | -0.04159 | 2500.9 | 2500.9 | -0.000155 | 9.15576 | 0.0010002 | 206.140 | -0.04220 | 2374.9 |
| 5.00 | 0.008726 | 21.02 | 2489.1 | 2510.1 | 0.07625 | 9.02486 | 0.0010001 | 147.017 | 21.02 | 2381.8 |
| 10.00 | 0.01228 | 42.02 | 2477.2 | 2519.2 | 0.1511 | 8.89985 | 0.0010003 | 106.309 | 42.02 | 2388.7 |
| 15.00 | 0.01706 | 62.98 | 2465.4 | 2528.4 | 0.2245 | 8.78037 | 0.0010009 | 77.881 | 62.98 | 2395.5 |
| 20.00 | 0.02339 | 83.92 | 2453.5 | 2537.5 | 0.2965 | 8.66612 | 0.0010018 | 57.761 | 83.92 | 2402.4 |
| 25.00 | 0.03170 | 104.8 | 2441.7 | 2546.5 | 0.3673 | 8.55680 | 0.0010030 | 43.341 | 104.8 | 2409.2 |
| 30.00 | 0.04247 | 125.7 | 2429.8 | 2555.6 | 0.4368 | 8.45211 | 0.0010044 | 32.882 | 125.7 | 2415.9 |
| 35.00 | 0.05629 | 146.6 | 2417.9 | 2564.6 | 0.5052 | 8.35182 | 0.0010060 | 25.208 | 146.6 | 2422.7 |
| 40.00 | 0.07384 | 167.5 | 2406.0 | 2573.5 | 0.5724 | 8.25567 | 0.0010079 | 19.517 | 167.5 | 2429.4 |
| 45.00 | 0.09594 | 188.4 | 2394.0 | 2582.5 | 0.6386 | 8.16344 | 0.0010099 | 15.253 | 188.4 | 2436.1 |
| 50.00 | 0.1235 | 209.3 | 2382.0 | 2591.3 | 0.7038 | 8.07491 | 0.0010121 | 12.028 | 209.3 | 2442.8 |
| 55.00 | 0.1576 | 230.2 | 2369.9 | 2600.1 | 0.7680 | 7.98989 | 0.0010145 | 9.565 | 230.2 | 2449.4 |
| 60.00 | 0.1995 | 251.2 | 2357.7 | 2608.8 | 0.8312 | 7.90817 | 0.0010171 | 7.668 | 251.1 | 2455.9 |
| 65.00 | 0.2504 | 272.1 | 2345.4 | 2617.5 | 0.8935 | 7.82960 | 0.0010199 | 6.194 | 272.1 | 2462.4 |
| 70.00 | 0.3120 | 293.0 | 2333.1 | 2626.1 | 0.9550 | 7.75399 | 0.0010228 | 5.040 | 293.0 | 2468.9 |
| 75.00 | 0.3860 | 314.0 | 2320.6 | 2634.6 | 1.01560 | 7.68118 | 0.0010258 | 4.129 | 313.9 | 2475.2 |
| 80.00 | 0.4741 | 334.9 | 2308.1 | 2643.0 | 1.07539 | 7.61102 | 0.0010290 | 3.405 | 334.9 | 2481.6 |
| 85.00 | 0.5787 | 355.9 | 2295.4 | 2651.3 | 1.13440 | 7.54336 | 0.0010324 | 2.826 | 355.9 | 2487.8 |
| 90.00 | 0.7018 | 377.0 | 2282.6 | 2659.5 | 1.19266 | 7.47807 | 0.0010359 | 2.359 | 376.9 | 2494.0 |
| 95.00 | 0.8461 | 398.0 | 2269.6 | 2667.6 | 1.25019 | 7.41502 | 0.0010396 | 1.981 | 397.9 | 2500.0 |
| 100.0 | 1.01418 | 419.1 | 2256.5 | 2675.6 | 1.30701 | 7.35408 | 0.0010435 | 1.672 | 419.0 | 2506.0 |
| 105.0 | 1.20902 | 440.2 | 2243.2 | 2683.4 | 1.36317 | 7.29512 | 0.0010474 | 1.418 | 440.1 | 2511.9 |
| 110.0 | 1.43376 | 461.4 | 2229.7 | 2691.1 | 1.41867 | 7.23805 | 0.0010516 | 1.209 | 461.2 | 2517.7 |
| 115.0 | 1.69177 | 482.6 | 2216.0 | 2698.6 | 1.47354 | 7.18274 | 0.0010559 | 1.036 | 482.4 | 2523.3 |
| 120.0 | 1.98665 | 503.8 | 2202.1 | 2705.9 | 1.52782 | 7.12909 | 0.0010603 | 0.89130 | 503.6 | 2528.9 |
| 125.0 | 2.32224 | 525.1 | 2188.0 | 2713.1 | 1.58150 | 7.07701 | 0.0010649 | 0.77011 | 524.8 | 2534.3 |
| 130.0 | 2.70260 | 546.4 | 2173.7 | 2720.1 | 1.63463 | 7.02641 | 0.0010697 | 0.66808 | 546.1 | 2539.5 |
| 135.0 | 3.13201 | 567.8 | 2159.1 | 2726.9 | 1.68722 | 6.97719 | 0.0010747 | 0.58180 | 567.4 | 2544.6 |
| 140.0 | 3.61501 | 589.2 | 2144.2 | 2733.4 | 1.73929 | 6.92927 | 0.0010798 | 0.50852 | 588.8 | 2549.6 |
| 145.0 | 4.15635 | 610.7 | 2129.1 | 2739.8 | 1.79086 | 6.88258 | 0.0010850 | 0.44602 | 610.2 | 2554.4 |
| 150.0 | 4.76101 | 632.3 | 2113.7 | 2745.9 | 1.84195 | 6.83703 | 0.0010905 | 0.39250 | 631.7 | 2559.0 |
| 155.0 | 5.43422 | 653.9 | 2097.9 | 2751.8 | 1.89259 | 6.79256 | 0.0010962 | 0.34650 | 653.3 | 2563.5 |
| 160.0 | 6.18139 | 675.6 | 2081.9 | 2757.4 | 1.94278 | 6.74910 | 0.0011020 | 0.30682 | 674.9 | 2567.8 |
| 165.0 | 7.00820 | 697.3 | 2065.4 | 2762.8 | 1.99255 | 6.70659 | 0.0011080 | 0.27246 | 696.6 | 2571.9 |
| 170.0 | 7.92053 | 719.2 | 2048.7 | 2767.9 | 2.04192 | 6.66495 | 0.0011143 | 0.24262 | 718.3 | 2575.7 |
| 175.0 | 8.92447 | 741.2 | 2031.6 | 2772.7 | 2.09091 | 6.62413 | 0.0011207 | 0.21660 | 740.2 | 2579.4 |
| 180.0 | 10.02635 | 763.2 | 2014.0 | 2777.2 | 2.13954 | 6.58407 | 0.0011274 | 0.19386 | 762.1 | 2582.8 |
| 185.0 | 11.23267 | 785.3 | 1996.1 | 2781.4 | 2.18782 | 6.54471 | 0.0011343 | 0.17392 | 784.1 | 2586.1 |
| 190.0 | 12.55018 | 807.6 | 1977.7 | 2785.3 | 2.23578 | 6.50600 | 0.0011414 | 0.15638 | 806.1 | 2589.1 |
| 195.0 | 13.98581 | 829.9 | 1958.9 | 2788.9 | 2.28343 | 6.46788 | 0.0011488 | 0.14091 | 828.3 | 2591.8 |
| 200.0 | 15.54672 | 852.4 | 1939.7 | 2792.1 | 2.33080 | 6.43030 | 0.0011565 | 0.12722 | 850.6 | 2594.3 |
| 210.0 | 19.07391 | 897.7 | 1899.6 | 2797.4 | 2.42476 | 6.35652 | 0.0011727 | 0.10430 | 895.5 | 2598.4 |
| 220.0 | 23.19288 | 943.6 | 1857.4 | 2801.1 | 2.51782 | 6.28425 | 0.0011902 | 0.086101 | 940.9 | 2601.4 |
| 230.0 | 27.96792 | 990.2 | 1812.8 | 2803.0 | 2.61015 | 6.21306 | 0.0012090 | 0.071510 | 986.8 | 2603.0 |
| 240.0 | 33.46652 | 1037.5 | 1765.5 | 2803.1 | 2.70194 | 6.14253 | 0.0012295 | 0.059710 | 1033.4 | 2603.2 |
| 250.0 | 39.75939 | 1085.7 | 1715.3 | 2801.0 | 2.79339 | 6.07222 | 0.0012517 | 0.050087 | 1080.7 | 2601.9 |
| 260.0 | 46.92071 | 1134.8 | 1661.8 | 2796.6 | 2.88472 | 6.00169 | 0.0012761 | 0.042175 | 1128.8 | 2598.8 |
| 270.0 | 55.02839 | 1185.1 | 1604.6 | 2789.7 | 2.97618 | 5.93042 | 0.0013030 | 0.035622 | 1177.9 | 2593.7 |
| 280.0 | 64.16459 | 1236.7 | 1543.2 | 2779.8 | 3.06807 | 5.85783 | 0.0013328 | 0.030154 | 1228.1 | 2586.3 |
| 290.0 | 74.41643 | 1289.8 | 1476.8 | 2766.6 | 3.16077 | 5.78323 | 0.0013663 | 0.025557 | 1279.6 | 2576.4 |
| 300.0 | 85.87708 | 1344.8 | 1404.8 | 2749.6 | 3.25474 | 5.70576 | 0.0014042 | 0.021663 | 1332.7 | 2563.5 |
| 310.0 | 98.64746 | 1402.0 | 1325.9 | 2727.9 | 3.35058 | 5.62430 | 0.0014479 | 0.018339 | 1387.7 | 2547.0 |
| 320.0 | 112.8386 | 1462.1 | 1238.6 | 2700.7 | 3.44912 | 5.53732 | 0.0014991 | 0.015476 | 1445.1 | 2526.0 |
| 330.0 | 128.5752 | 1525.7 | 1140.5 | 2666.2 | 3.55156 | 5.44248 | 0.0015606 | 0.012984 | 1505.7 | 2499.3 |
| 340.0 | 146.0018 | 1594.4 | 1027.6 | 2622.1 | 3.65995 | 5.33591 | 0.0016375 | 0.010784 | 1570.5 | 2464.6 |
| 350.0 | 165.2916 | 1670.9 | 892.7 | 2563.6 | 3.77828 | 5.21089 | 0.0017401 | 0.0088009 | 1642.1 | 2418.1 |
| 360.0 | 186.6640 | 1760.4 | 722.6 | 2483.0 | 3.91456 | 5.05587 | 0.0018895 | 0.0069608 | 1725.1 | 2353.0 |
| 370.0 | 210.4337 | 1871.9 | 494.3 | 2366.3 | 4.08194 | 4.85052 | 0.0021228 | 0.0051793 | 1827.3 | 2257.3 |
| 373.9 | 220.6400 | 1923.9 | 379.4 | 2303.3 | 4.15893 | 4.74524 | 0.0022462 | 0.0044529 | 1874.3 | 2205.0 |
Saturated Steam Table — by Pressure
Saturation temperature plus the saturated liquid (f) and vapour (g) properties at each pressure up to the critical point (220.64 bar / 22.064 MPa).
| °C | bar | h_f | h_fg | h_g | s_f | s_g | v_f | v_g | u_f | u_g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kJ/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/(kg·K) | kJ/(kg·K) | m³/kg | m³/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/kg | ||
| 6.97 | 0.01000 | 29.30 | 2484.4 | 2513.7 | 0.1059 | 8.97493 | 0.0010001 | 129.183 | 29.30 | 2384.5 |
| 17.50 | 0.02000 | 73.43 | 2459.5 | 2532.9 | 0.2606 | 8.72272 | 0.0010014 | 66.990 | 73.43 | 2398.9 |
| 24.08 | 0.03000 | 101.0 | 2443.9 | 2544.9 | 0.3543 | 8.57656 | 0.0010028 | 45.655 | 101.0 | 2407.9 |
| 28.96 | 0.04000 | 121.4 | 2432.3 | 2553.7 | 0.4224 | 8.47349 | 0.0010041 | 34.792 | 121.4 | 2414.5 |
| 32.88 | 0.05000 | 137.8 | 2423.0 | 2560.8 | 0.4763 | 8.39391 | 0.0010053 | 28.186 | 137.8 | 2419.8 |
| 36.16 | 0.06000 | 151.5 | 2415.2 | 2566.7 | 0.5209 | 8.32915 | 0.0010064 | 23.734 | 151.5 | 2424.3 |
| 41.51 | 0.08000 | 173.9 | 2402.4 | 2576.2 | 0.5925 | 8.22741 | 0.0010085 | 18.099 | 173.8 | 2431.4 |
| 45.81 | 0.1000 | 191.8 | 2392.1 | 2583.9 | 0.6492 | 8.14889 | 0.0010103 | 14.671 | 191.8 | 2437.2 |
| 53.97 | 0.1500 | 225.9 | 2372.4 | 2598.3 | 0.7548 | 8.00712 | 0.0010140 | 10.020 | 225.9 | 2448.0 |
| 60.06 | 0.2000 | 251.4 | 2357.5 | 2608.9 | 0.8320 | 7.90723 | 0.0010171 | 7.648 | 251.4 | 2456.0 |
| 64.96 | 0.2500 | 271.9 | 2345.5 | 2617.4 | 0.8931 | 7.83016 | 0.0010198 | 6.203 | 271.9 | 2462.4 |
| 69.10 | 0.3000 | 289.2 | 2335.3 | 2624.6 | 0.9439 | 7.76745 | 0.0010222 | 5.229 | 289.2 | 2467.7 |
| 75.86 | 0.4000 | 317.6 | 2318.5 | 2636.1 | 1.02590 | 7.66897 | 0.0010264 | 3.993 | 317.5 | 2476.3 |
| 81.32 | 0.5000 | 340.5 | 2304.7 | 2645.2 | 1.09101 | 7.59296 | 0.0010299 | 3.240 | 340.4 | 2483.2 |
| 85.93 | 0.6000 | 359.8 | 2293.0 | 2652.9 | 1.14524 | 7.53110 | 0.0010331 | 2.732 | 359.8 | 2488.9 |
| 89.93 | 0.7000 | 376.7 | 2282.7 | 2659.4 | 1.19186 | 7.47895 | 0.0010359 | 2.365 | 376.6 | 2493.9 |
| 93.49 | 0.8000 | 391.6 | 2273.5 | 2665.2 | 1.23283 | 7.43389 | 0.0010385 | 2.087 | 391.6 | 2498.2 |
| 96.69 | 0.9000 | 405.1 | 2265.2 | 2670.3 | 1.26944 | 7.39423 | 0.0010409 | 1.869 | 405.0 | 2502.1 |
| 99.61 | 1.00000 | 417.4 | 2257.5 | 2674.9 | 1.30256 | 7.35881 | 0.0010431 | 1.694 | 417.3 | 2505.5 |
| 104.8 | 1.20000 | 439.3 | 2243.8 | 2683.1 | 1.36075 | 7.29763 | 0.0010473 | 1.428 | 439.2 | 2511.6 |
| 109.3 | 1.40000 | 458.4 | 2231.6 | 2690.0 | 1.41085 | 7.24602 | 0.0010510 | 1.237 | 458.2 | 2516.9 |
| 113.3 | 1.60000 | 475.3 | 2220.7 | 2696.0 | 1.45494 | 7.20137 | 0.0010544 | 1.091 | 475.2 | 2521.4 |
| 116.9 | 1.80000 | 490.7 | 2210.7 | 2701.4 | 1.49437 | 7.16203 | 0.0010576 | 0.97753 | 490.5 | 2525.5 |
| 120.2 | 2.00000 | 504.7 | 2201.6 | 2706.2 | 1.53010 | 7.12686 | 0.0010605 | 0.88574 | 504.5 | 2529.1 |
| 127.4 | 2.50000 | 535.4 | 2181.1 | 2716.5 | 1.60722 | 7.05241 | 0.0010672 | 0.71870 | 535.1 | 2536.8 |
| 133.5 | 3.00000 | 561.5 | 2163.4 | 2724.9 | 1.67176 | 6.99157 | 0.0010732 | 0.60579 | 561.1 | 2543.2 |
| 138.9 | 3.50000 | 584.3 | 2147.7 | 2732.0 | 1.72747 | 6.94008 | 0.0010786 | 0.52420 | 583.9 | 2548.5 |
| 143.6 | 4.00000 | 604.7 | 2133.3 | 2738.1 | 1.77660 | 6.89542 | 0.0010836 | 0.46239 | 604.3 | 2553.1 |
| 147.9 | 4.50000 | 623.2 | 2120.2 | 2743.4 | 1.82063 | 6.85595 | 0.0010882 | 0.41390 | 622.7 | 2557.1 |
| 151.8 | 5.00000 | 640.2 | 2107.9 | 2748.1 | 1.86060 | 6.82058 | 0.0010926 | 0.37480 | 639.6 | 2560.7 |
| 158.8 | 6.00000 | 670.5 | 2085.6 | 2756.1 | 1.93110 | 6.75917 | 0.0011006 | 0.31558 | 669.8 | 2566.8 |
| 165.0 | 7.00000 | 697.1 | 2065.6 | 2762.7 | 1.99208 | 6.70698 | 0.0011080 | 0.27276 | 696.4 | 2571.8 |
| 170.4 | 8.00000 | 721.0 | 2047.3 | 2768.3 | 2.04599 | 6.66154 | 0.0011148 | 0.24033 | 720.1 | 2576.0 |
| 175.4 | 9.00000 | 742.7 | 2030.3 | 2773.0 | 2.09440 | 6.62124 | 0.0011212 | 0.21487 | 741.7 | 2579.7 |
| 179.9 | 10.00000 | 762.7 | 2014.4 | 2777.1 | 2.13843 | 6.58498 | 0.0011272 | 0.19435 | 761.6 | 2582.8 |
| 188.0 | 12.00000 | 798.5 | 1985.3 | 2783.8 | 2.21630 | 6.52169 | 0.0011385 | 0.16325 | 797.1 | 2587.9 |
| 195.0 | 14.00000 | 830.1 | 1958.8 | 2788.9 | 2.28388 | 6.46752 | 0.0011489 | 0.14077 | 828.5 | 2591.8 |
| 201.4 | 16.00000 | 858.6 | 1934.3 | 2792.9 | 2.34381 | 6.42002 | 0.0011587 | 0.12373 | 856.8 | 2594.9 |
| 207.1 | 18.00000 | 884.6 | 1911.4 | 2796.0 | 2.39779 | 6.37760 | 0.0011679 | 0.11036 | 882.5 | 2597.3 |
| 212.4 | 20.00000 | 908.6 | 1889.8 | 2798.4 | 2.44702 | 6.33916 | 0.0011768 | 0.099581 | 906.3 | 2599.2 |
| 224.0 | 25.00000 | 962.0 | 1840.1 | 2802.0 | 2.55443 | 6.25597 | 0.0011974 | 0.079947 | 959.0 | 2602.2 |
| 233.9 | 30.00000 | 1008.4 | 1794.9 | 2803.3 | 2.64562 | 6.18579 | 0.0012167 | 0.066664 | 1004.7 | 2603.3 |
| 242.6 | 35.00000 | 1049.8 | 1753.0 | 2802.7 | 2.72539 | 6.12451 | 0.0012350 | 0.057058 | 1045.5 | 2603.0 |
| 250.4 | 40.00000 | 1087.4 | 1713.5 | 2800.9 | 2.79665 | 6.06971 | 0.0012526 | 0.049777 | 1082.4 | 2601.8 |
| 263.9 | 50.00000 | 1154.5 | 1639.7 | 2794.2 | 2.92075 | 5.97370 | 0.0012864 | 0.039446 | 1148.1 | 2597.0 |
| 275.6 | 60.00000 | 1213.7 | 1570.8 | 2784.6 | 3.02744 | 5.89007 | 0.0013193 | 0.032449 | 1205.8 | 2589.9 |
| 285.8 | 70.00000 | 1267.4 | 1505.1 | 2772.6 | 3.12199 | 5.81463 | 0.0013519 | 0.027380 | 1258.0 | 2580.9 |
| 295.0 | 80.00000 | 1317.1 | 1441.5 | 2758.6 | 3.20765 | 5.74485 | 0.0013847 | 0.023528 | 1306.0 | 2570.4 |
| 303.3 | 90.00000 | 1363.7 | 1379.2 | 2742.9 | 3.28657 | 5.67901 | 0.0014181 | 0.020493 | 1350.9 | 2558.4 |
| 311.0 | 100.0000 | 1407.9 | 1317.6 | 2725.5 | 3.36029 | 5.61589 | 0.0014526 | 0.018034 | 1393.3 | 2545.1 |
| 324.7 | 120.0000 | 1491.3 | 1194.3 | 2685.6 | 3.49646 | 5.49412 | 0.0015263 | 0.014269 | 1473.0 | 2514.4 |
| 336.7 | 140.0000 | 1570.9 | 1067.2 | 2638.1 | 3.62300 | 5.37305 | 0.0016097 | 0.011489 | 1548.3 | 2477.2 |
| 347.4 | 160.0000 | 1649.7 | 931.1 | 2580.8 | 3.74568 | 5.24627 | 0.0017095 | 0.0093081 | 1622.3 | 2431.9 |
| 357.0 | 180.0000 | 1731.6 | 778.6 | 2510.2 | 3.87097 | 5.10662 | 0.0018377 | 0.0075039 | 1698.5 | 2375.1 |
| 365.7 | 200.0000 | 1821.1 | 600.6 | 2421.7 | 4.00599 | 4.94600 | 0.0020105 | 0.0059369 | 1780.9 | 2302.9 |
| 373.9 | 220.6400 | 1923.9 | 379.4 | 2303.3 | 4.15893 | 4.74524 | 0.0022462 | 0.0044529 | 1874.3 | 2205.0 |
How Accurate Are These Steam Tables?
These tables implement the full IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation — the international standard adopted for steam-power and process calculations worldwide. The calculator evaluates Region 1 (compressed and saturated liquid), Region 2 (superheated and saturated vapour) and Region 4 (the saturation line) directly, reproducing the standard's published verification values. Enthalpy and entropy use the IAPWS reference state (zero internal energy and entropy for saturated liquid at the triple point, 0.01 °C), which matches conventional steam tables.
Verification points
Saturation temperature computed by this tool at three standard pressures, compared with the IAPWS-IF97 published reference values:
| Pressure | Reference T_sat (IAPWS-IF97) | This calculator |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1 MPa (1 bar) | 99.606 °C | 99.606 °C |
| 1 MPa (10 bar) | 179.886 °C | 179.886 °C |
| 10 MPa (100 bar) | 310.999 °C | 310.999 °C |
Full solver formulations and the list of standards we implement are on the methodology page.
About Steam Tables
Steam tables provide the thermodynamic properties of water and steam at various temperatures and pressures. They are essential for designing and analysing steam systems, boilers, turbines, heat exchangers, and piping networks.
Saturated Steam
Saturated steam exists at the boiling point for a given pressure. At saturation, liquid water and steam coexist. Key properties include the latent heat of vaporisation (h_fg) — the energy required to convert saturated liquid to saturated vapor without changing temperature.
Superheated Steam
Superheated steam is steam heated beyond its saturation temperature at a given pressure. It behaves more like a gas and is used in turbines and high-temperature processes. Superheated steam has higher enthalpy and entropy than saturated vapor at the same pressure.
IAPWS-IF97
This calculator implements the IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation — the international standard for calculating the thermodynamic properties of water and steam. It covers Region 1 (subcooled liquid), Region 2 (superheated vapor), and Region 4 (saturation line), providing accuracy suitable for engineering calculations.
The steam enthalpy and latent heat in these tables are the basis for steam-system energy balances. To size fuel-to-steam efficiency from a boiler's steam output, use our boiler efficiency calculator.
For pipe pressure drop calculations with steam, use our friction loss calculator. To size steam traps and condensate return lines, use the condensate load calculator. For complete pipe network simulation with steam systems, try SimuPipe.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is IAPWS-IF97?
IAPWS-IF97 is the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam's Industrial Formulation 1997. It is the international standard for calculating thermodynamic properties of water and steam (enthalpy, entropy, specific volume, etc.) as functions of temperature and pressure. This calculator implements IAPWS-IF97 for both saturated and superheated steam regions.
What is the difference between saturated and superheated steam?
Saturated steam is at the boiling point for its pressure — any heat removal causes condensation. Superheated steam has been heated beyond the saturation temperature at the same pressure, so it behaves more like a gas. Superheated steam has higher enthalpy and lower density than saturated steam at the same pressure. It is preferred for turbines and long-distance piping because it can lose some heat without condensing.
How do I find the enthalpy of steam at a given pressure?
Use the Saturated by Pressure mode and enter your pressure. The calculator returns both the liquid (hf) and vapor (hg) enthalpies. The difference (hfg) is the latent heat of vaporisation. For superheated steam, switch to Superheated and enter both pressure and temperature — the calculator returns the enthalpy at those conditions.
What is specific enthalpy and why does it matter?
Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) is the total energy content of steam per unit mass, including both internal energy and flow work (pressure x volume). It is the key property for energy balance calculations in boilers, heat exchangers, turbines, and steam traps. The difference in enthalpy between two states gives the heat transfer per kilogram of steam.
What happens at the critical point of water?
The critical point of water is at 373.95 °C and 220.64 bar (22.064 MPa). Above this point, there is no distinction between liquid and vapor — the fluid is a supercritical fluid. The latent heat of vaporisation drops to zero at the critical point. This calculator covers properties up to the critical point; supercritical conditions require different formulations.
How do I read a saturated steam table?
Find the row for your known condition — temperature in the by-temperature table, or pressure in the by-pressure table. Read across to get the saturated liquid enthalpy (h_f), the latent heat (h_fg), the saturated vapour enthalpy (h_g = h_f + h_fg), the entropies (s_f, s_g) and the specific volumes (v_f, v_g). For example, to size the heat needed to evaporate water at a given pressure, read h_fg directly from that pressure's row.
What units do these steam tables use?
By default: temperature in °C, pressure in bar (switchable to MPa, kPa, psi, or gauge units), enthalpy in kJ/kg, entropy in kJ/(kg·K), specific volume in m³/kg, and density in kg/m³. Use the unit selectors at the top to switch between SI and imperial units; the reference tables update accordingly.
Are these steam tables accurate enough for engineering design?
Yes. They implement IAPWS-IF97, the same industrial formulation used by commercial process-simulation and power-plant software. It is designed for fast, accurate property evaluation across the full steam range and reproduces the standard's verification values. For most boiler, turbine, heat-exchanger, and piping calculations it is more than sufficient; for custody-transfer or research-grade work, confirm against the specific edition of the standard your project requires.
What is the difference between gauge and absolute pressure in steam tables?
Steam tables are tabulated in absolute pressure. Gauge pressure (barg, psig) is measured relative to atmosphere, so absolute = gauge + ~1.013 bar at sea level. Always convert gauge readings to absolute before looking up properties — this calculator does it automatically when you select a gauge unit (bar(g), kPa(g), psi(g)).
How do I find the internal energy of steam?
The calculator and the reference tables both report specific internal energy (u). For saturated steam, read u_f (saturated liquid) and u_g (saturated vapour); for superheated steam, switch to Superheated and enter pressure and temperature. Internal energy relates to enthalpy by u = h − p·v, where p is the absolute pressure and v the specific volume. Use internal energy for closed-system, constant-volume energy balances, and enthalpy (h) for open-system, flow processes such as turbines, boilers, and piping.
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